Direct financing, such as stock issuance, as well as indirect financing such as bank loans, should be better connected to serve China's technology advancements and green development, said regulators and market mavens attending a panel discussion during the two-day 2024 Lujiazui Forum that started on Wednesday.

According to Fang Xinghai, vice-chairman of China Securities Regulatory Commission, the country's top securities watchdog, private equity and venture capital are very important to boost technology innovation. While fundraising is not difficult in China given the country's large size of deposit, exit may be a major hurdle for the expansion of PE and VC.

To that end, overseas listing can be an option for exit, and the CSRC believes that the pace of the filing of Chinese mainland companies' overseas listing should be accelerated, said Fang.

"We encourage more Chinese mainland companies to choose Hong Kong as the overseas listing destination," he said.

Ever since China's new filing regulations for overseas listing took effect on Mar 31 last year, the CSRC has received such filings from 158 Chinese mainland companies as of Tuesday, among which 85 floated in the Hong Kong bourse and 73 went public in the United States, said Fang.

Bonnie Y Chan, CEO of Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited, said that the Hong Kong market can provide capital for Chinese mainland companies specializing in green technologies, such as new energy vehicle makers.

On the other hand, Hong Kong's close ties with other international markets, combined with its financing capability on a global scale, can help Chinese mainland companies emerging industries to build factories in overseas markets or make other outbound reaches, she said.

Qiu Yong, chairman of Shanghai Stock Exchange said that they will strive to enhance the market's inclusiveness to support technology innovation. Meanwhile, supervision is also crucial so as to protect investors' legal rights and build a healthier capital market ecosystem.

Chan of HKEX, agreed that market inclusiveness is crucial to small and medium-sized technology companies. SMEs usually encounter greater refinancing difficulties, especially when market liquidity is taken up by several industry behemoths.

"An effective market should be able to provide financing to companies of different sizes," she said.

While China has much potential in financing for technology startups during their early days of development, it should explore more financing channels for these companies when they have entered the later period of development. The introduction of more private capital can be considered at such stage, said Kevin D Sneader, president of Asia Pacific Ex-Japan for Goldman Sachs.

As understood by Liu Jun, president of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, traditional commercial banks should have more in-depth understanding of specific industries in order to better serve companies specializing in new quality productive forces.

But Liu also stressed that the size of loans is still much larger than direct financing. Bank loans can facilitate the development of technology companies throughout their entire life cycle.

Given the 380-trillion-yuan of loans in China, they can be securitized and enter the capital market via direct financing, added Liu.

Zhao Haiying, executive vice-president and chief strategy officer of China Investment Corporation, agreed that indirect and direct financing should be balanced. If direct financing makes up of all the company's capital source, the shareholders' interests will be diluted rapidly.