Since Nigeria's army began clearing large areas of the country's northeast from Boko Haram, some of the 1.5 million internally displaced people have started returning home. But thousands could now face severe food shortages as reconstruction lags behind.

Along the main roads heading north from Adamawa's state capital, Yola, some trade has resumed in the towns, but ghostly pockets and haunting reminders of the insurgent takeover are evident. About three months after the fighting ended, the smell of rotting corpses still clings to the air by the headquarters of the Church of the Brethren near Mararaba.

Islamist militant group Boko Haram grabbed much of Nigeria's northeast last year, killing thousands in an unprecedented land grab. It took over most of Borno state, the birthplace of the group, and parts of Adamawa and Yobe while increasing incursions in neighboring nations.

The army began pushing back when Boko Haram was about 100 km from Adamawa's state capital. In the last few months, many people have returned to Adamawa, but health clinics, banks and schools are still lacking, and vast stretches of farmland between towns stand barren.

In the town of Michika, which saw some of the fiercest fighting, residents are too afraid and lack the equipment and manpower to farm, and for the moment they will not be able to live off the land.

Meanwhile, there is no sign of government aid.

"Most people coming back are in hardship because there's no food. People are sick but there are no hospitals, ... no vegetables, no lemons, no bananas. ... We're not ready to go back to farming. All our machinery was burned or taken," said Sini T-Kwagga, a Christian community leader.

People will drive to Mubi, an hour's drive south, to get goods, but this route will be blocked once the rainy season comes into full swing next month.

(China Daily 05/12/2015 page12)